What is a BLEVE?

A BLEVE, or Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion, is characterized specifically as a flammable liquid vessel rupture and explosion that occurs due to external heating. This phenomenon arises when a vessel containing a volatile liquid is subjected to high temperatures, causing the liquid inside to boil and generate vapor. If this vapor is not adequately vented, pressure builds within the vessel until it ultimately fails, leading to an explosive release of the vapor, often accompanied by a fireball due to the ignition of the released vapor.

The unique aspect of a BLEVE is the combination of internal pressure build-up from the vaporization of the liquid and the structural failure of the vessel itself, which is often exacerbated by external heat sources like fires. The result is a catastrophic explosion fueled by both the expanding vapor and the ignited flammable materials.

Understanding this concept is vital in fire suppression and safety protocols, as it emphasizes the need for careful handling and storage of volatile substances, particularly in environments where they might be subjected to extreme heat.